01 / PRESSURE & TREATMENT
02 / RESPONSE
BIO-INTERVENTIONAL GLAUCOMA SURGERY
A native pathway.
Reinforced with tissue.
Published pressure and medication outcomes
for allograft-reinforced cyclodialysis.
SURGICAL SETTING
FOLLOW-UP
REFERENCES
Select a study. Open any outcome card for its definition, analysis population and reference.
04 / DURABILITY
Further intervention.
05 / PATIENT SELECTION
Starting pressure matters.
Read IOP and medications together. These populations are not randomized comparators; medicated IOP is not washout IOP.
EFFICACY DETAILS
Details behind the outcomes.
Definitions, precision and sensitivity analyses.
SAFETY / PRIMARY TABLES
Each study. Its own population.
Choose a source. Keep populations separate.
Source-defined events and populations. Not reported ≠ zero. ECD loss is not AE incidence. No pooled rates or risk ranking.
Medicated real-world benchmarks +
24-month phaco-iStent inject: 16.4→13.7 mmHg; 1.49→0.49 agents (Clement, 340 eyes). Matched FGB cohorts: IOP reductions 3.1 mmHg with iStent inject and 2.3 mmHg with Hydrus. Mixed iTrack canaloplasty series: 20.0→13.5 mmHg; 2.77→1.7 agents.
Why this is context, not a ranking
Baseline pressure, lens status, disease burden, medication decisions and subsequent-procedure handling differ. No cross-study subtraction or claim of comparative superiority is supported.
Clement et al. · Clin Ophthalmol 2020;14:3507–3517 ↗Holmes et al. · Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022;50:303–311 ↗
Gallardo · Clin Ophthalmol 2021;15:1591–1599 ↗
Corneal endothelium & synechiae +
CREST draft: partial synechiae 8/144 (5.6%); total synechiae 3/144 (2.1%). Categories overlap and are not summed. Cleft adhesions are not automatically equivalent to implant-associated PAS.
Mean ECD loss: 8.4% at 24 months in 34 phaco-combined eyes. No statistically detectable standalone change was reported; the evaluable standalone sample is not supplied.
Comparator evidence and definitions
iStent inject: mean 24-month ECD loss 13.1% versus 12.3% with phaco alone. At five years, ≥30% ECL in 9.4% versus 6.3%. Hydrus: ≥30% ECL in 20.8% versus 10.6% at five years, with the excess arising predominantly early after surgery. These are different metrics and durations.
Samuelson et al. · Ophthalmology 2019 ↗Ahmed et al. · JCRS 2024;50:369–377 ↗